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The 4X tag refers to a genre of strategy games that involve exploration, expansion, exploitation, and extermination. The term 4X itself is derived from the four key actions or gameplay elements that typically define these types of games.

In 4X games, players are usually in control of a civilization, empire, or faction and must navigate the game world through various stages. Let's break it down:

• Exploration This refers to the process of uncovering the game's map, discovering new territories, and revealing unknown resources or threats. Games like Sid Meier's Civilization series and Endless Legend are excellent examples of 4X games with extensive exploration mechanics.
• Expansion Once players have explored and identified new areas, they can establish settlements, build cities, and expand their territory. This involves managing resources such as food and production to support population growth. Famous 4X titles that emphasize expansion include Europa Universalis IV and Stellaris.
• Exploitation This stage involves efficiently utilizing the resources within a player's territory to develop and improve their civilization. Managing resources such as economy, technology research, and military strength is crucial in this phase. Games like Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri and Crusader Kings II provide opportunities for deep resource management mechanics.
• Extermination The final stage is where conflicts arise between different civilizations or factions. This involves military conquests in order to eliminate opposing forces from the game world. Notable 4X games with prominent extermination mechanics include Total War series an depicting large-scale battles between armies.

The genre offers deep strategy gameplay requiring long-term planning and decision-making, allowing players to shape and build their own virtual empires.

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